Proper Nouns in English Grammar

Proper Nouns in English Grammar In English grammar, a  proper noun is a  noun belonging to the class of words used as names for specific or  unique individuals, events, or places, and may include real or fictional characters and settings. Unlike common nouns, which make up the vast majority of nouns in English, most proper nouns like Fred, New York, Mars, and Coca-Cola begin with a  capital letter. They may also be referred to as proper names for their function of naming specific things. Proper nouns are not typically  preceded by articles or other determiners, but there are numerous exceptions such as The Bronx or The Fourth of July. Furthermore, most proper nouns are singular, but again there are exceptions as in The United States and The Joneses. How Common Nouns Become Proper Oftentimes common nouns like river combine with the name of a specific person, location, or thing to form a proper noun phrase, such as the Colorado River or the Grand Canyon. When writing such a proper noun, it is correct to capitalize both when mentioned together, but also correct to repeat the common noun alone later in reference to the original proper noun while leaving the common one lowercase. In the example of the Colorado River, for instance, it would later be correct to refer to it as simply the river, if the writer has not mentioned another river. The primary difference between proper and common nouns stems from the uniqueness of reference for proper nouns wherein common nouns do not specifically reference any one particular person, place, or thing but rather the collective understanding of all of the persons, places, or things associated with the word. In that way, common nouns can become proper if they are colloquially used to specify one unique person, place, or thing. Take for instance the Colorado River, which runs through the center of Austin, Texas, and locals have taken to just calling the River. This common noun becomes a proper one because, in the geographic region of Austin, its used to name one specific river. The Lighter Side of Proper Nouns Many great authors have used the idea of capitalizing common nouns and making them proper to characterize specific inanimate objects or take a concept like Great Places and make them into a physical place in a fictional world. In Dr. Seuss Oh! The Places Youll Go! author Theodor Geisel makes the common unique, forming proper nouns to characterize and create fictional worlds for his zany characters to inhabit. Be your name Buxbaum or Bixby or Bray / or Mordecai Ali Van Allen O-Shea, he offers, youre off to Great Places! // Today is your day! J. R. R. Tolkien personifies a simple gold ring in his epic trilogy The Lord of the Rings, wherein he always capitalized the Ring, signifying it as a specific, proper noun because it is the One Ring to Rule Them All.   On the other hand, famed poet e. e. cummings (note the lack of capitalization) never capitalizes anything at all, including names and places and even the beginning of sentences, signaling the writers disregard for the concept of proper nouns entirely.

13 Jobs With The Biggest Pay Increases in 2016

13 Jobs With The Biggest Pay Increases in 2016 in the past year, the average american worker’s salary has gone up 2.5%. but that’s the average. some workers in certain fields actually saw much larger increases in 2016. here are the 13Â  jobs that saw the highest pay increases.1. communications managercommunication managers saw an average salary increase from 2015 to 2016 of 5%, raising their median base pay from $80k to $84k. communications managers need a bachelor’s degree in communications or pr plus several years experience, and spend their time overseeing internal and external messaging for their organizations.2. underwriterunderwriters decide who gets a mortgage, based on the applicant’s credit, capacity, and collateral. the job requires a high school diploma, plus an education program and the passing of an exam. they also saw an average pay increase last year of 5%, from $57k to $60k.3. case managercase managers work in health care to provide guidance and action plans for people coping with comp lex medical situations. they can be rns, social workers, pts, and most employers prefer at least an associate’s degree in human services or social work. this position saw an average increase of 6%, from over $42k to $45k.4. marketing coordinatorthis position also saw an increase of 6%, from over $42k to $45k. these folks assist marketing managers in different ways, from company to company. to get this job, you’ll want a bachelor’s degree in marketing and have some experience at the entry-level or as an intern.5. claims adjusterclaims adjusters assess damages done to properties for insurance companies. they need a bachelor’s degree in finance, insurance, or business, plus intern or entry-level experience in the field, and to pass a licensure exam. but this position saw a 6% pay increase, from $45k to nearly $48k.6. admissions representativea bachelor’s degree (in education, admissions, customer services, or sales) is required to recruit and inform p otential applicants for colleges, but this position saw a 7% increase in median base pay, from $42k to nearly $45k.7. data analystdata analysts work across a wide variety of industries, interpreting data and providing insight to companies on how to make informed business decisions. the average pay increase last year was 7%, from just under $61k to $65k per year.8. media plannermedia planners are in charge of digital media campaigns- from soup to nuts- and often work within ad agencies. they need a bachelor’s degree in the liberal arts, plus experience starting out in the field, usually as an assistant media buyer. the average pay increase last year was 7%, from over $42k to $45k.9. registered nurse (rn)registered nurses also saw an average increase of 7%, from over $63k to $68k per year. this position requires an associate’s degree in nursing, and applicants must pass a national licensing exam.10. recruiterrecruiters put job seekers into jobs, working to please both fu ture employees and their employers. think of them as the matchmakers of the business world. they typically have a bachelor’s degree in hr, or a certification in that field, plus some experience. but their pay increase last year was 7%, from $42k to $45k per year.11. implementation consultantanother 7% increase, from $70k to $75k per year. this position requires several years’ experience, plus a bachelor’s degree in computer science or it, but can work across a wide variety of industries, helping them to develop their software or hardware applications.12. sales managersales managers saw a whopping 11% pay increase from 2015 to 2016, from ~$66k to $73k per year. they need a bachelor’s degree and a few years experience as a sales rep, but then they oversee their own teams and start raking in the cash.13. certified nursing assistant (cna)certified nursing assistants report to nurses, giving hands-on care to medical patients. they don’t need a college d egree, but they do need to go through an accredited cna program to get credentialed. they also saw an amazing 11% increase in pay, from $45k to $50k per year.